This has meant Nvidia can be super-aggressive in terms of clock speeds, with the RTX 4090 listed with a boost clock of 2,520MHz. Compared with the 8N Samsung process of Ampere, the TSMC-built 4N process is said to offer either twice the performance at the same power, or half the power with the same performance. Part of that is down to the new 4N production process Nvidia is using for its Ada Lovelace GPUs. The 'little higher' than commensurate performance increase though does show there are some differences at that level. If you ignore ray tracing and upscaling there is a corresponding performance boost that's only a little higher than you might expect from the extra number of CUDA Cores dropped into the AD102 GPU. You can see how similar the two architectures are from a rasterisation perspective when looking at the relative performance difference between an RTX 3090 and RTX 4090. Each SM is still using the same 64 dedicated FP32 units, but with a secondary stream of 64 units that can be split between floating point and integer calculations as necessary, the same as was introduced with Ampere.

On the raw shader side of the equation, things haven't really moved that far along from the Ampere architecture either. Almost a full 1GHz faster than the RTX 3090 of the previous generation.

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